Ao contrário dos neurônios, as células da gliasão capazes de multiplicação mitótica, mesmo no adulto.
Distinguem-se na neuróglia os seguintes tipos celulares:
- Oligodendrócitos: são provenientes do tubo neural e possuem ramificações, sendo que estas se enrolam em vários axônios. Tem como função formar bainha de mielina no sistema nervoso cntral, sendo esta bainha constituída de membrana plasmática.
- Astrócitos: também são provenientes do tudo neural, porém possuem funções bastante diferentes dos oligodendrócitos. Os astrócitos criam um compartimento especializado dentro do tecido nervoso para o bom funcionamento do mesmo; remove o excesso de neurotransmissores e de potássio; e participam na cicatrização do tecido nervoso formando o glioma.
- Células ependimárias: são provenientes da zona germinativa do tubo neural. Estabelece o revestimento do canal central, ventrículos e produz o líquor.
- Micróglia: é proveniente do monócito do sangue e é responsável pela defesa celular através da fagocitose.
Fonte: Conteúdo ministrado em aula.
Fonte: www.afh.bio.br
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